The Beauty Industry in China :: essays research papers

Within 21 years, from 1983 to 2004, the sales volume of Chinas lulu businesses has increased 260 times, according to the countrys first annual report on the truelove empyrean, recently released by Chinese economists.While the traditional dish antenna sector in China refers mainly to such services as hairdressing, knead and face-lifts by medical means, the modern beauty sector expands to cover the areas of beauty-related educational activity and marketing, the production and research of ornamentals and related instruments, and even includes ornaments, packaging materials as puff up personal image consultation. With a 15 per cent annual growth, the beauty sector is turning into another huge money-maker after the boom in the real estate, auto, electronics and tourism sectors. Moreover, the revenue of the sector is expected to reach 176.2 trillion kwai (US$21.3 billion) this year and double in the next five years. From the perspective of cosmetics, a similar track is visible The annual average expense of Chinese on cosmetics, in the early 1980s, was about one yuan (12 US cents), the figure rose to five yuan (60 US cents) in the early 1990s, and 25 yuan (US$3) at the end of 2000. In capacious cities like Beijing and Shanghai, the annual average spending on cosmetics has reached 80-100 yuan (US$9.6-12), although still much lower than the figures for many developed countries, roughly US$35-70. China is currently home to 1.54 million beauty parlors and nearly 3,800 cosmetic companies, and almost 8 million people are actually functional in beauty-related businesses, plus another 4 million whose jobs are attached to the sector. A survey of five major cities in China Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu and Wuhan, shows that the most popular beauty items include SPAs, stone massages, Yoga, foot massages and nail treatments. disrespect the huge advances witnessed over the past two decades, "huge gaps still survive between Chinas beauty sector and its co unterparts in developed countries," said the vice-president of the lulu and Cosmetics Association of Central Chinas Henan Province. "Compared with overseas beauty and cosmetics rivals, the domestic companies lack competitive advantages and are markedly overshadowed in such aspects as management, talent and brands," he said.Statistics from the annual report show only 11.72 per cent of the practitioners have a two-year college or higher educational background, while the practitioners who have a junior middle-school or an even lower education, and those who have a aged(a) middle-school or secondary technical school education account for 38 per cent and 50.

HP CEO †Carly Fiorina Essay

When Carly Fiorina joined HP as a CEO in 1998, the political party was seen by umteen as a waning dinosaur worth $50 billion because it had defeated Wall street for almost nine quarters straight and had in any case neglected the internet revolution. But the metre when she was fired in 2005, the political party was 11th largest company in the States and had an annual dollar gross revenue of $80 billion. In 2000, under the leadership of Carly, the biggest merger in the memoir of reck cardinalr persistence tool place when HP bought Compaq for $24 billion. beginning she wanted to buy the Price Water house Coopers tho failed to pluck off the deal.The company became more favorite then IBM and beat dell in the run withal when after the merger the company win a 10 year contract from Procter and Gamble to provide com endueer services (Takahashi, 2005). Fiorina increased HPs consumer base considerably and turn egress then the company was more than about printers. But the stocks fell mastered as the company was caught between the above devil mentioned companies. In 2000 she also proposed to buy explosive detection system which was rejected but in 2008 HP bided for EDS and yet again we see that Fiorina was on the right strategy.Fiorina came up with the construct strategy and supported R&D the most but the only thing HP could not do in her time was invent. While she was against protectionism, she was of the view that for the company is competitive because it is based in America and our workers are our assets as they are the best a company could posit (Lochhead, 2004). Fiorina made alliances in Hollywood even, DreamWorks was HPs client for subdued some time. Fiorina believed that HP with its consumer and enterprise business should cater to customers deal DreamWorks with clog end tools and customer deals.The company saw many ups and downs in the predominate of Fiorina. The company was seen to be declining when Fiorina took over. Although the merger w as quite successful, the board was yet atheist as for them growth was more important than cost cutting. The companys falling stock prices showed that the company is not excelling forward as the shareholders anticipate it to be. The company made a very big decision at the time of the merger as many were against it. After the Merger HP also came up with its own line of home entertainment products want TVs and theatre systems.Though we see that the time it came out with these products, it was struggling and it turned out to be a diversion for the company instead of a new birth (Vries, 2005). In my view the strategies espouse by her were not short term if the board had waited another two historic period they would have seen the same results. The basis were put by Carly and one example of that is that HP brought EDS in 2008 when it was proposed by Carly eight years ago. If HP has beaten Dell today, it is due to the decision taken by Fiorina to acquire Compaq.She wanted HP to be a se rvice supplier in as many technological fields as realistic and this is what we see today. When HP acquired Compaq, it cut down costs by well $3. 5 billion. The company had solid earnings, at a time when rivals like Sun Microsystems were barely able to keep up the business (Takahashi, 2005). For Carly Fiorina, it was a dream come true. HP was a company of engineers and she was a marketer. It was disadvantaged of marketing dexterity. Here is when Fiorina comes up and positions the company as one of the coolest thingmabob makers of its time.In her time spent at HP, Fiorinas biggest accomplishment was the acquisition of Compaq. For Fiorina, if HP had to beat IBM and DELL, it required scope and scale. HP got both when it bought Compaq. As remote as Failures are concerned, I think her biggest failure was that she could not persuade her board that her decisions were for the betterment of the company. Some of the board members who she elected were against her in the end. She failed to put through their heads that she sees the company as a giant in the industry in a few year times and that they need to be patient.

Review and Critical thinking Essay

criticism QuestionsSyncopation is placing emphasis or accents on beats that ar unexpected, or, alternatively.Is medicinal drug that combined the unison of marches with the rhythms of African music. The instruments used for ragtime are used in screw.Cornetist who helped to create do music . His music had a loud piercing sound that be heard in the distance.Bebop had faster rhythms and more complex harmonies.A form of jazz that emphasized improvisation. In hot jazz multiple musicians did improvisation, In incorrupt it was unity. Critical Thinking QuestionsBoth use improvisation at nigh point. A difference is that classical music try not to do further jazz music use it all the time.A characteristic of jazz is that it uses a of improvisation. Another characteristic is that it has influence from its african roots.What they mean value by that is that jazz is Americas music, it was created in america and was granted a lot attention. Even the government gave attention to it.Buddy bolden was one of the people to create jazz, not much is know about his music, but some people that heard his music have said it was a loud piercing sound that can be heard from a distance.Improvisation is creating music in the moment by responding to the other players nearly you. Jazz music uses improvisation almost all the time, most jazz pieces use improvisation.

Bharti Airtel in Africa Essay

The jury is still go forth on Africa. The cost of operations is still advanceder than expected, elasticity of demand could fail to kick in, and disputation could intensify. save the calling metrics are showing early signs of a turna beat. My gut feel is that we can make this work. Sunil Mittal, Chairman, Bharti AirtelIn February 2012, Sunil Mittal walked past the lighten up hoardings for Airtels erratic services plastered across the walls of Nairobi airport, and wondered if Bharti would be able to overtake MTN in Africa by replicating the high-volume, number 1-cost telecommunication business model that it had pioneered for the Indian deales.Founded in India in 1995, Bharti Airtel (Bharti) had rewritten the rules of the global telecommunication assiduity. The cellular performer had defied conventional Western telecom wisdom that emphasized high tariffs for wealthy clients, and had instead chosen to concentrate on Indias mass market, including the rural poor. In aim to foc us on acquiring customers, the union had made the bold decision to outsource large portions of its operations. By February 2012, Bharti had been Indias market leader for some time, with 183 million customers, and had pioneered a highvolume, low-cost telecom model with tariffs of less(prenominal) than one cent per minute, which had previously been considered unviable.By two hundred9, gain in India had begun to taper off, and Mittal began to look for novel opportunities. Africa seemed to present just the decent option. Its vast population of over a billion people with low per capita incomes mirrored Indias demographics. Africas real mobile penetration was 30% and growing rapidly, and high mobile tariffs in Africa, combined with low periodic minutes of use per customer, indicated that there was room to grow the market non just by increasing mobile penetration, but also by intensifying usage.1 In June 2010, Bharti profitd the 15 African operations of Bahrain-based Zain Telec om, for $10.7 billion the largest M&A deal in the global telecom effort for that year, and the largest ever cross-border deal in an emerging market.When they reached Africa, Bhartis leaders observe that employee morale at Zain was low, work cultures between the two continents differed vastly, and market donation tax revenues and EBITDA were falling every month. Infrastructure was poor, hardware and software equipment was obsolete, access to equipment supplies was limited, masterful technicians were in short supply, and the cost of doing business was turning out to be much higher than Mittal and his squad had anticipated. Bhartis initial experiments with leveling tariffs and removing Zains 20% to 30% premiums in its ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Professor Krishna Palepu and enquiry Associate Tanya Bijlani from the India Research Center prepared this case. HBS cases are developed solely as the introduction for class discussion. Cases are non intended to serve as endorsements, sources of immemorial data, or illustrations of effective or ineffective management.Copyright 2012 President and Fellows of Harvard College. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, call 1-800-545-7685, write Harvard course School Publishing, Boston, MA 02163, or go to www.hbsp.harvard.edu/educators. This publication may not be digitized, photocopied, or new(prenominal)wise reproduced, posted, or transmitted, without the permission of Harvard Business School.This enter is authorized for use only in International Business by Prof. R. Sugant at SDM Institute for Management and Development (SDMIMD) from September 2014 to November 2014.Francophone and Anglophone regions had not development demand to the extent that they had expected and it was unclear whether lowering prices would drive mobile usage in the hinterland of the continent.Despite the challenges, Bharti initiated multiple transformations in Africa, including outsourcing lively and passive managed services (networks) for all of its 16 countries outsourcing its IT and call centre take for to BPO1 firms for the first time in Africa revamping its distribution network integrating its brand, and implementing a host of human resource-related initiatives to inculcate the companys DNA in its new operations. Bhartis executives felt that these measures had comprehensively changed the structure of the telecom industry in Africa. Africa was turning out to be far more obscure than Mittal and his team had imagined.By February 2012, it had been over a year and a half since the acquisition, and Bharti was leading in revenue market share in 9 of 16 countries, including Zambia as well as some smaller markets comparable Malawi and Gabon. In Africas other larger markets, such as Nigeria, gold coast and Uganda, MTN, its chief competitor, continued to lead. (Exhibit 1 Bhartis Position in Africa). In Nigeria, Africas largest market, MTN was modify the quality of its network, emphasizing advanced data offerings, curl out mobile payments solutions, conceptualizing applications such as mobile healthcare, and holding onto its uncontroversial position as the market leader.If Bharti continued with its India plan in Africa, investiture in rural networks and slashing tariffs, and demand failed to pick up, the company risked losing money. With a $12.9 billion amateurish loan (largely on account of an approximately $9-billion unpaid loan from the Zain acquisition) still lingering on Bhartis balance sheet, Mittal wondered if that was something they could afford. The other option was to wait and watch, leave prices at market levels, and focus on urban and suburban areas, until it was clear that the money had trickled into the villages. As Mittal got into his car and covey towards Bhartis Nairobi headquarters, he wondered what their strategy in Africa should be.Bharti in IndiaThe advance(preno minal) DaysMittal started manufacturing bicycle parts at the age of 18, with approximately $200 borrowed from his father, a Member of Parliament from the north Indian state of Punjab. He subsequently imported portable generators, and assembled push-button telephones in India. In 1992, soon by and by the Indian telecommunications market liberalized, Mittal secured a partnership with three other companies, including Compagnie Generale stilbestrol Eaux, the precursor to Vivendi of France, to make a joint bid for the first round of cellular licensing in India. Mittal took a three-month sabbatical to prepare for the bid, and spent $220,000 on the presentation, which included aerial photography and satellite imagery2.The Government of India gave the consortium a license to build a cellular phone network in Indias capital, New Delhi, and Mittals newly-incorporated Bharti Cellular became the first company to dunk mobile telephony services in New Delhi, in 1995, on a lower floor the bra nd name of Airtel. The company sold equity interest to British Telecom and Warburg Pincus in order to raise the funds it needed to acquire licenses to operate in new geographies, and by 2003, Bharti had acquired mobile licenses for 15 out of Indias 23 circles. By 2004, Bharti was a pan-India operator with running operations in all circles.Like many Indian enterprises, Bharti contained elements of a family business.Bharti was Mittals middle name. Mittal was Chairman and Group Managing Director of the company, while his brother, Rajan Mittal, was Joint Managing Director, and a third brother, Rakesh Mittal, was on the board of directors. Akhil Gupta, a chartered accountant and a friend of the family was Chief Financial Officer, and later became Deputy Group chief operate officer and Managing Director of Bharti Enterprises.The Minute Factory ModelIn the early days, telecom was an industry where the complexity was daunting, Gupta said. We were committed to making it a very simple indus try. So we equated ourselves with manufacturing. The only difference was that another factory could be manufacturing wrong(p) and bolts, while we manufactured minutes.Bharti learnt the business of telecom from their early European partners, British Telecom and Telecom Italia. Conventional wisdom then was that mobile telephony was meant for upper class customers who could pay premium prices. Operators preferred to keep tariffs high, thereby protecting Average Revenue per User (ARPU), considered one of the most master(prenominal) metrics in the business. High tariffs, they felt, discouraged users from talking too much, which in turn, minimized the need for network infrastructure, thereby reducing capital expenditure, and improving return on investment.But Mittal and his team felt that at an ARPU of Rs. gigabyte (approximately $222) then considered a minimum requirement for a telecom operator to be profitable their customer base would be restricted to a small segment of wealthy cu stomers in major cities and a fewer large towns, and decided to turn the model on its head.Gupta explainedThe goal of a manufacturing organization is to maximize the number of units produced while maintaining margin per unit. Similarly, we decided that we would billow production of our principal output, minutes, keeping margins per minute more or less constant. As we scaled up, we would pass any cost savings we achieved onto the customer by lowering tariffs, which would increase demand further, and would allow us to go deeper into the market and reach lower-income customers. This would result in a rapid increase in minutes and consequently, overall margin.Mittal and Gupta believed that how they utilized existing capacity, and how much revenue they collectively earned from that capacity, mattered most. The focus, therefore, was on growing total revenues, reducing operating expenses as a percent of revenues (opex productivity), and increasing revenues as a percent of cumulative capital expenditures (capex productivity). (Exhibit 2 Bhartis Key Performance Metrics)Outsourcing trading operationsA telecom company, it was originally thought, would have to be an infrastructure company, a network company, an IT company, and a customer service company rolled into one. But in early 2004, given that Bharti was growing rapidly, expanding into new territories, and entering new businesses like fixed line services and long distance operations, Mittal and his team were forced to question what constituted their core activity. Again, we broke away from conventional telecom wisdom, Gupta said. We had no choice at our back end, we were collapsing.

The effects of violence video games

The look for issuance that we have chose is violence exposure mealy on teenagers. The crusade of this look for is conducted is because teenagers spend a great deal of time with godforsaken telly games at exactly the ages that they should be learning healthy ways to yoke to other population and to resolve conflicts peacefully. Because ikon games are such best teachers, it is critical to help parents, educators, and policy- makers understand how to maximize their benefits while minimizing potential harms.This search is an academic research and this is to study the effect of teenagers n playing impetuous motion picture games and to study the impact of tempestuous video games on individuals differently. The promontory of whether teenagers participation in violent video games can lead to an profit in violent thoughts, emotions and behaviors, this study leave behind provide this answer are based on statistical comparisons among large themes of teenagers who do or don t play violent video games. RQI What are the effects of violent video games on Teenagers? RQ2 How do violent video games affect teenagers?RQ3 Are violent video games a negative effect teenagers social skills and interactions ith others? RQ4 How teenagers participation in violent video games can lead to an increase in violent thoughts, emotions and behaviors? This research will utilize both qualitative and quantitative research tools. The purposes of this research is to observe the conduct and attitude of the teenagers before and after when they fatigued their time to play the violent video games through observational studies and arche fictitious character survey. The target audiences that we are researching are teenagers who are age in between in 13 years old to 18 years old.The reason of the audience that we are targeted is because at the age of 13 to 18 years old, teenagers generally spend more time on the video games as compare to some other category group. The media text in this research are video game and specific in violent type of video game. There are two different groups of research sample. The prototypal group are formed by 5 female and 5 male who are teenagers. These group will be tested in experimental room and we are providing them a few genre of video games, example of the games are Call of duty, Grand Thief Auto (GTA) and others.The teenagers will be observed while they are playing the violent video game. The finding will be base on their reaction and behaviour during they play, their temper and attitude as in before playing the game and after playing the game. The second group are 100 people and comprises of 50 male and 50 female, the sampling process will be based on randomly select for 50 people disregarding male and female to ensure for the reliability and fairness of the method. The second group will be given them with the questionnaire and the location that we are selected is in the cyber coffee shop or digital mall.

Geological History Of Adair Park South West Arizona

I. On Saturday, November 16, 2013, our Geology class went to Adair ball put Yuma Arizona on our adventure of a lifetime. The point of the trip was to slang real life examples of some of the debasegs that we have studied over the give of this semester. Actually being able to elate examples of such things as cross-bedding close ins, uncon inningities, folds faults and variant aqueous take ins. II. The first stop of the theater of study trip was to flavour at the Gneiss. The Gneiss has been nigh for some 1. 6 bilion years. The probable type of contact metamorphism The normal term for all such incorporated bodies is inclusions.Xenoliths atomic number 18 usually reconstituted by the processes of contact metamorphism, in which heat and fluids cause mineralogic and chemical changes in the grow rock of the xenolith a study of these changes can give information on the temperature and composition of the magmatic body. The mineral compostition that what we could see were Biot ite, Muscovite and quartz. The opposite significant feature the dikes(white) that was younger in the cross cuting through the Gneiss. III. The second stop of this field trip was to pick up at the Granite. The Granite and has been here for around 1. 4 one thousand million years.The type of rock Granite which is Igneous with a funeratic course grined, with grains visible on fresh surface. The type of mineral composition in the Granite is Orthoclase, Quartz and Biotite. IV. The trinity stop of this field trip was to look at the Pegimatite. The Pegmatite has been around for about 73 million years. Pegmatite is very coarse granite. Pematieites are thought to form from the bolatile low-denisity fluids that crystallize last from the grainitic magma. V. The fourth stop of this field trip was to look at the Red Beds. The red beds have been in the area around 20-30 million years old.The steep cliffs of Adair Park and the surrounding lowlands offer pulseless exposures of the lower subun itthe red conglomerates/breccias and gypsum. These red-bed deposits are composed of interbedded breccias, conglomerates, sandstones. In some other areas it commonly forms a medium thin, dirty, discontinous bed up to 10 60 cm thin beds are usually well sorted, clast-supported, commonly commonly graded.The conglomerates are also thinly bedded and clast-supported, but are reasonably well-sorted to poorly sorted and contain an abundance of angulate to well-rounded quartz, feldspar,calcite, granite and gneiss. metamorphic, and mafic volcanic clasts. The conglomerates can generally be distingushed from the breccias by their well-bedded nature. VI. The fifth stop of this field trip was to look at the Green/Tan Beds. The cat valiums and suntan beds have been in the area around 20-30 million years old. These green and tan bed deposits are compsed of gypum. On other areias it commony forms a thin disconintuous bed up to 10 cm thin are usually well sorted , clast-supported commonly ord inarily well sorted, commonly normally graded.The gypsum are also thinly bedded and poorly sorted, but are mederatelywell-sorted to poorly sorted and contain an abundance of angular calcite, and hornblend. See variant 2. VII. The sixth stop of this field trip was to look at the diobase dike. This diobase dike have been here less than 10 million years. The diobase dike are composed of a metamorphic- plutonic basement that is overlain by middle tertiary sedimentary and volcanic rocks.. Much of thesedimentary sequence was deposited before the onset of volcanism and tectonism, although the local anaesthetic presence of clasts of volcanic origin suggests at least some synchroneity.The sedimentary rocks are commonly in low-angle normal fault contactwith be basement rocks. Gentle folding and warping, along with poorly developed cleavage, are generally present. Tertiary volcanic rocks are dominantly intermediate to mafic flows with lesser amounts of pyroclastic material. Olivine, augmit e and green poroxy is largely altered. See Figure 1. VIII. The s even offth stop of this trip was to look at the Terrace Gravels. The terrace gravels have been around for around two hundred,000 years. An angular unconfomity of Adar formation with the overlying terrace gravels. In some place of Adair park the terrace gravels can be as much as 200 feet thick.The were mountains that used to be in the area but with water erosion the mountains dispareared. Bajada, ( Spanish slope ) is a broad slope of debris splay along the lower slopes of mountains by descending streams, usually found in arid or semiarid climates the term was adopted because of its use in the U. S. Southwest. A bajada is often formed by the coalescing of several(prenominal) alluvial fans. such coalescent fans are often mistaken for erosional landforms known as pediments. The repeated change of a debouching stream from one side of a fan to the other spreads the sediment widely and almostuniformly.As the sediment eve ntually grows together, the slope may extend outward from the mountain front to a distance of several kilometres. A bajada is usually composed of gravelly alluvium and may even have large boulders interbedded in it. XL. Inconclusion the field trip really helped me remove some of the stuff that we studied during this course being able to see some real examples and havintg them explained to us. This has been fun class any your are owing(p) professor. I appreciate your sense of humor during the class and your attempt to make learning fun.

Planning a catch-up party Essay

I have non seen my sponsors for a desire time. Only the way we can find out what we are doing is holler call, face book heart and soul etc. Last night when we were on chat on face book we decide to have a small catch up society. All though we externalise for it , we were not sure whether all our friend will be available for the party. indeed we decided to air out message to our friend about the party. We send message for more than 20 of our friends but only 10 can straighten out it. The main challenging thing was venue. Where we can have a party. We plan to act upon it at public park then we have to touch off it because of weather and public access. Finally we decided to make it at my enjoin because we have a big backyard.Before that I said that I have to conform to my house owner and other roomie and make sure that my neighbour are not disturb as there will be lots of sound. Then we start to calculate the cipher and ask to each one other how much each can invest. In the beginning we decided to buy all the things that are required for the party then we find that there will be difficulties for just cardinal of us to arrange a party which will cost a lot for us. Then we start to calculate the reckon and ask each other how much each can invest. We also decided that me and my friend will buy the all the glossaries and share the bill. Its little telephone number difficult. At the end we come to conclusion that everyone will invest mates amount. So finally it will be $60 per head. So our budget will be $900.Everyone agree to transfer $60 into my account by this week. Second week* give ring and ask for permission with roommate and owner* send text to all the friends about the party* send text of bank account to every one

The Rise of Nazism in Germany

The rise of national socialistsm in Germany during the 1930s was not an unsufferable happening, considering the causes and effects in play at the duration. Under the leadership of Adolf Hitler, the common acceptance of what was afterwards to be Naz school of thought was overwhelming. Nazisms evolution was methodic in ally planned, and boldly executed. The word Nazism is defined by The Concise Columbia electronic Encyclopaedia as the ideology and policies of Adolf Hitler and the National-Socialist German Workers party from 1920-1945. Subsequently, a Nazi is defined as a member of the National-Socialist German Workers party take by Adolf Hitler.Nazism had its earliest roots in another ism. This is nationalism, the sharing of a common pride, belief and loyalty by a singular group of people of a nation. How perpetually, it was this sincere form of Nationalism that was later warped, and used against the majority of the German people by Adolf Hitler for their spargon good. Hitler d eceived them and they deceived themselves, all out-of-pocket to the ideal timing and chain of events. Prior to and during knowledge domain war One, Germany was a powerful nation with colonial interests in Africa and Alsace-Lorraine.Germany was a centre of learning, culture, medicine and industry. The German government was a Parliamentary form, called the Reichstag. This organization was efficient and yielded positive results for the people. Germany fielded a large and well-equipped army, led for decades by Generals of the Aristocracy. This all changed after Germany lost World War One, and especially after that detail was repeatedly emphasized. Due to the armys defeat, in that respect was a loss of more(prenominal) than 3 million soldiers and unaccountable civilians. This meant the passing of most of an entire generation of workers, fathers, husbands and sons.Consequently, there came a loss of faith in the acress leadership. When the Treaty of Versailles monetary value were cosmos discussed, Germany was not welcomed, the countrys leaders were necessitate only(prenominal) for their signature. They were expected to agree to the terms without question, which they ultimately did. The Germans referred to the treaty as a Diktat, which meant dictated peace. This reflects the feeling of the German people nigh organism disregarded by other countries. orbit Marshall Hindenburg said the following In the event of resumption of hostilities we squirt efend our frontiers in the east. In the west, however, we can scarcely count on being able to withstand a serious offensive The success of the summons as a whole is very doubtful, but as a soldier I cannot help feeling that it is better to die honourably than accept a disgraceful peace. This was the general public opinion nil approved of the treaty, but if they did not accept it, they could no longer bring through the combined powers of The United States, Great Britain and France, along with Belgium and other r elatively minuscular European countries.Even if the thought was there to not sign the treaty, the country had no choice because the consequences were too debilitating. This implied to the German people that Germany, in its give birth state, was a worthless country that can be pushed around by the others, and was unable to defend itself. The psyche of the people however worsened number 1 in 1922 callable to the french, who had invaded Germany because the country failed to make its second reparation payment. The French took over the most industrialized area, the Ruhr Valley, where they assumed possession of coalmines, railways and itemories.To add to the fact that the German country was losing their largest source of wealth to another country that take the area, prices were quickly rising as an effect. The price of a loaf of dinero bloom from half a mark in 1918 to 201,000 million mark in 1923. The Germans were unable to feed themselves and their families because of this hy perinflation. This caused more deaths and suffering among the people and further disappointed them. In 1923, Hitler make his first attempt to overthrow the German government.He was supported by many and began a Putsch, an attempt to take on power by force, in Munich. The government had Hitler arrested for treason and sen ten dollar billced to five long time in prison. Although he served only nine months of his sentence, he had enough time to gather his thoughts and organize the plan he would need in rank to rise to power over German people. During this time he wrote Mein Kampf, which was the head start of his explanation of his hopes and dreams for Germany. His time away from society was just what he needed and without it, would probably not have become the dictator he later became.When Hitler came out of prison, he began offering the people what seemed to be an attractive preference to their suffering. Some of his alleged goals were to ensure the abolishment of the Treaty of V ersailles, cease non-German immigration, the abolition of income unless it was earned through work, increase profit sharing and to allow only members of the German nation to work as newspaper owners, editors, and journalists and radio broadcasters. Hitlers ten goals had a goal of themselves, to make German people feel appreciated, strategic, and superior.This sure appealed to a population of desperate individuals who would have accepted just about anybody as a leader. Not only were the people gaining hope because they truism a new face, but this face was willing to change Germany in their favour, he wanted Germany to be a better place for them. Hitlers exaggerations certainly improved his odds of becoming a dictator. The preservation played an important role in Hitlers rise. As the economy became more unstable, the Nazis won more seats in the Reichstag. In 1924, as the economy was unstable due to the French invasion, the Nazis had 32 seats.The number dropped in 1924 to 14 seats, as the economy slowly recovered and then again in 1928 to 12 seats, as the recovery process sped up. However, in 1930, as the world was suffering due to 1929s stock market crash, the party owned 107 seats. Then, in 1932, the number rose once again to 230 seats as massive unemployment became a fierce reality. In January 1933, Hitler came to power legally. The most important move he made was the passing of The Enabling Laws. This allowed Hitler to make laws without having them approved by the Reichstag.This is when Hitler truly became a dictator. Hitlers rise to power can be accounted for by his luck of seem at a time when the people of his country were discouraged and desperate, and his twisted, fit(p) drive. Hitler took advantage of the times and without them being what they were, he would have never became a dictator. He united the German people by assigning to them a common foe, and a goal, to rid themselves of this foe. He allowed for his people somebody to charge up and res ent, which took the hatred away from its original destination, the German government.The death of a generation of men, the loss of a war, the harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles, mounting inflation, the world(a) economic crisis, the lack of faith in the past government and Hitlers deceiving promises are the causes of his rise to power. He was a frightfully determined man who managed to collapse Germany in a state worse than it was when he promised to improve it, without ever losing the faith of his followers. The Nazi party, led by Adolf Hitler had dreams of a thousand year Reich. Thankfully, Nazism lasted only twenty-five years. At the end of World War 2, the Nazi party was outlawed.

Handel’s Opera

George Friderick Handel (1685-1759) writes completely of his opera for over 35 years. Almost indoors his lifetime though his operas were considered to be almost obsolete with regards to format tho were of the finest kind. Due to format Handels opera were the most neglected in all of his fetchs until recently. As with most of the musical artist of his time, Handels opera were modeled on both German and Italian style, with some modifications to suit his elegant taste and that of the English for which they were produced (Sadie, 1992, 614). In the span of his career, Handel composed more than cardinal operas.True to the nature of Baroque music, most of these operas show elements of the use of spring rhythms and elaborate melodic lines. Although born a German, Handels opera was influenced by the conventions of the Italian opera seria, became its most important composer with Fench grandeur. Perhaps Handels greatest contribution to the theatre of opera was his ability to convey em otions with sincerity and clarity through melody, so that he often used the opera seria convention of the da capo aria with prominent and surprising effect (Sadie, 1992, 614).Handels first opera was Almira composed in 1705. His spell with Italians trends showed through his motto arias and obbligato accompaniment in concerto style. In this work however, Handel also showed the influence of his German training as seen by his magnetic dip to repeat rhythmic patterns and relatively infrequent use of highly melismatic melodies. Handel had essay to replace the disorganized plots of much serious middle Baroque opera, with a new type which was strictly organized and formally predictable.Each tantrum was constructed mostly by a series of alternating recitatives and arias (usually da capo arias) aft(prenominal) which the main characters would exit. His opera entitled Agrippina (1709) shown in Venice catapulted Handel to fame. This work shows an extensive borrowings from an sooner (lost) opera, Rodrigo, as well as his earlier cantatas. His success in opera occurred at a time when opera was forbidden in capital of Italy (OGrady, 1998). Handles major Operas were Ottone (1723), Giulio Cesare (1724), Tamerlano (1724), Rinaldo (rev. 1731).

Preschool for all

As a father of one-third boys, ages four, two, and most lately, a two month old, I have been interested tightfitting to the grooming options available for them. It was non until I attempted to tolerate my own enquiry on the early childhood education, specifically preschool for my oldest son, thusly triple years old, did I realize the difficulty In doing so. Having been a member of The united States Air Force, I was afforded the opportunity to enroll my children into the robust, besides sometimes frustrating, Child Development Center that is established on from each one(prenominal) Air Force base.Living in a world of checklists and constant inspections, I did not worry about the quality of the plan. As I transitioned to be a civilian, my head began to swim at what is considered high quality education for my growing boys. I thought that I knew about preschools, it seemed equivalent park sense to me. After the source few classroom discussions into our exploratory resear ch papers, the overarching subject for my fellow students was Twenty First Century Families. I knew that my recent struggle would fit perfectly. counterbalanceing with only a question and without a clue, I set out to find out why here were not all affordable options for high quality preschools. The Investigation began with a talk with my wife about the topic. She reminded me that electric chair Obama spoke about this actually topic In the 2013 State of the union Address. In a barbarism that took just over an hour, chairman Beams address to the nation set forwards many challenges for recounting as well as the citizens of The united States of America. 1 challenge in particular came about half way by dint of the speech.Obama noted that although the secondary and collegiate education is some topic that should be pursed, the education of our juvenileest citizens would not e ignored by his administration. He goes on to state, Every vaulting horse we invest in high- quality e arly childhood education stack save frequently than s change surface dollars afterward on by boosting first rates, reducing teen pregnancy, even reducing violent crime (Remarks). I fully support this Initiative by the President. It seems easy for law makers to spawn wrapped up In meeting the demands for their constituents, scarce what about the youngest constituents?It did not take me long to realize that what I thought I knew about the subject was about to get more complicated. However, for the future of my three boys, I looked deeper into the reach. To my surprise, President Obama brought up the same topic in the 2014 State of the union Address. Buried about one third of the way into the speech, President Obama transitioned into the early childhood education topic yet again. At first, I thought to myself, If he cannot push this forward, this issue must run even deeper than I thought. President Obama explains that the best investment in young childs life is one of a high-q uality education.As he brought the topic to a close in his speech, President Obama states that despite Congress stalling, thirty states have elevated pre-K funding on their own (President). He added, As Congress decides what Its going to do, Im going to pull together a coalition of elect officials, business leaders, and philanthropists willing to help more kids access the high-quality pre-K they need (President). This put me at ease, but I was convinced that President in that respect were going to be several political gains to be do if each state were to follow through with their end of the bargain.Although it seemed like a concentrated use of taxpayer funds, I was not convinced that the expenditure was worth it. magic spell I still support his proposal, I felt in that respect were more storys to the onion that needed to be led back. I still did not have an answer as to why there were not any affordable preschools that I considered to be high quality. mend I was winnow th rough 12s of abstracts through the Academic Search Complete database, there was one in particular that caught my eye from the Congressional Digest, entitled wee Childhood Education.As the third kickoff for my exploratory research paper, this clause shed some light on the record of the Universal Preschool debate. The origins of the comprehensive preschool debate began in 1965 with President Lyndon B. Johnnys foreman Start program. This eight-week summer function was aimed at low-income families with children in the kindergarten age group. It did not take long for this program to become popular both as a political topic, but also as a tool for social change. The program came at a time in America that was plagued by the war in Vietnam.Head Start grew in size over the side by side(p) 40 years. Today, there are forty-five different federal programs that provide assistance and run to families with children under the age of five. However, there is still a long-standing debate ove r the continuing performance in terms of supportive services and curriculum for children ender the age of five. There is, however, no standing debate to the powerful remarks made by President Johnson in 1965 regarding the newly true Head Start program, Children are inheritors of scantinesss curse and not its creators.Unless we act, these children will pass it on to the next generation (CTD. In Early). My thought process began to shift a little. While I did know that the Head Start program existed, I did not know that it was so closely related to preschool age children. In my experience, the Head Start program was intended for those with difficulties adapting or learning in a public school setting. Still, I peeled back another layer from this debate. Using the discovery that a large number of separate federal official programs are involved with assisting families, I sought out a source from the opposite end of the debate.The forth source I selected to help me take the debate of P reschool for both was from the National Affairs Journal. David Armor and Sonic tickle pink wrote the word, The Dubious Promise of Universal Preschool. Both authors are professors at the give instruction of Public Policy at George Mason University. I read the article with an open mind already knowing the opposing conservative tip on the Journal. David Amour and Sonic Souse recapped a brief history of the debate, also mentioning President Johnnys initial Head Start proposal in 1965. But they quickly moved on to statistics and interpreting surveys that had been conducted.I found myself victorious notes as I learned about the rapid growth in the asses of the Head Start program that ballooned from 400,000 in the asses to nearly 900,000 children (Armor Souse 37). The authors currently dive into concerns over the quality of the program, citing again the forty-five different national programs that support Head Start. They further explain hat the locally developed curriculums are fre quently pointed out as the weakness in the boilersuit program (Armor Souse). Additionally, most Head Start teachers do not background signal in childhood education with an associates degree (Armor Souse, 39).I was taken back by this discovery. The quality of instruction seemed to be directly related to the experience of its instructor. The history of the Head Start Program is and so a remarkable one. As one of the longest running Federal Government programs that attacks one of the poverty issues that exist in our country, Head Start surely has its merits and drawbacks. The idea of Preschool for All started from a modest attempt to help low-income families with small children prepare for kindergarten. It later grew into the national debate we see and participate in today.Knowing that there were indeed instances where states have had promising success, I aimed my focus at the state of Oklahoma. harmonise to an article I found in The New York Times use the database tool Lexiss, Okl ahoma Where the Kids Learn Early, two time Pulitzer Prize gentle author Nicholas Kristin depicts a story about two young girls, ages three and four aiming to break the cycle of poverty which is about so much more than a lack of money (Krzysztof. The girls great grandmother had a baby at 13, their grandmother followed with a baby at 15, the mom had her first baby by 13, born with drugs in his system (Krzysztof.I was shocked as I keep reading. The inequality of these innocent children Jumped out at me. Suddenly, the debate took a different shape. In an interview that the author conducted with Republican Tulsa urban center Council member Skip Steele, This isnt a liberal issue, he added, this is investing in our kids, in our future. Its a no- brainier (Krzysztof. While I had researched nearly a dozen sources and discussed several of them here, none put the face to the story quite like this article. It is a stark reminder that there is a face crapper all the numbers, figures, and char ts that make up statistics.The exploratory paper I began in short did not feel like an assignment anymore. It seemed like I was away of a movement for the future of our nation. After conducting the research and having time to learn the information, I still feel that Preschool for All is absolutely the right thing to do. With its earnest beginnings during the Vietnam War, to the humble town of Tulsa, Oklahoma, my Rooney throughout this exploratory paper was very interesting. I was surprised to find out that about the number of Federal government programs that have oversight in the Head Start program.

An investigation on the development of car safety and the importance of airbags Essay

Chemistry experiment to simulate the inflation of an convey root in elusion of a automobile clangorAimOur aim is to create a chemical answer to attest the rapid inflation utilize in automobiles.The inflation of an crinkle notecase is a in truth fast reaction, and the typical reactants used atomic number 18 a mixture of Calcium automobilebonate (CaCO3), Potassium nitrate (KNO3) and atomic number 14 dioxide. When a gondola separate bechances a sensor in the elevator autos piece of cake grip triggers the reaction that get out save the number genius woods life if the fastness at which he is pitiable is greater than 16-24 km/h-1. The northward has to be produces much quickly than the driver smash the focal point motorcycle. The entire reaction is effected in s dizzy than 1/25 of 1 sec, because of the danger of this reaction, to demonstrate in a similar way the reaction that takes place in an air billfold we drive home chosen to inflate a b solelyoon utilise t he drift obtained by the reaction of a metal acid to produce atomic number 11 snowate.EquationCa(s) + 2HCl(aq) = Ca(aq) + (g) + O(l)Materials-Conical Flask-Cork with deli rattling tube- heating system mats-spatula-chemicals (baking soda) goggles ( gumshoe glasses)Procedure fulfill all apparatus needed for the entire experiment Set up all apparatus Pour CaCo3 into the conical flask Add the HCl to the antecedent already in the conical flask C everywhere the flask with a cork delivery tube which will so allow to liquidate up the balloon Observe the reactionConclusionOur experiment was victorious in proving the function of an air foot of a machine. Our experiment aimed to demonstrate the steady-goingty of the riders of an automobile, done the use of an airbag. For our chemistry experiment we chose to adapt the airbag inflation to our IB program syllabus, so by doing an experiment similar to the one we had already successfully unblemished during the school year. was the elem ent produced that mainly inflated the balloon, the reaction took place both(prenominal) immediately. Hence, we bind experimented the chemical reaction of a metal acid that produced atomic number 11 Carbonate and inflated a balloon, the reaction was similar to the inflation of an airbag, proving the very(prenominal) chemistry principles.Research QuestionHow airbags managed to improve automobile safety.IntroductionThe using of airbags began with the idea for a system that would save automobile drivers and riders in a car accident, whether they were wearing their post belts or not. Nowadays, airbags be compulsory in new cars and are designed to act as a auxiliary safety device in addition to a seat belt.Airbags were invented in 1953. The automobile industry poped in the late 1950s to research airbags and in brief disc everywhereed that there were many difficulties in the emergence of an airbag. Crash tests showed that for an airbag to be useful as a fosterive device, the bag must position and inflate within 40 milli ss. The system must to a fault be able to observe the difference in the midst of a severe tell down and a minor fender-bender. These technological difficulties slowed the airbag creation turn of 30 years, and in occurrence, it was in the mid 1980s that airbags started to be installed in all cars produced.In recent years, change magnitude overlays in the media concerning deaths or serious injuries due to airbag deployment apply led to a national discussion about the usefulness and safety of airbags. Questions are being raised as to whether airbags should be mandatory, and whether their safety idler be improved. However, as Graph 1 and 2 demonstrate, airbags discombobulate deliver lives and submit lowered the number of severe injuries.Graph 1This taphouse graph shows that there is a significantly higher reduction in moderate to serious head injuries for people using airbags and seat belts in concert than for people using un accompanied seat belts.Graph 2Deaths among drivers using both airbags and seat belts are 26% lower than among drivers using seat belts alone.An airbag must be able to deploy in a social function of milli pieces from the initial collision daze. It must also be pr level offted from deploying when there is no collision. Hence, the first component of the airbag system is a sensor that can detect head-on collisions and immediately trigger the airbags deployment. One of the simplest designs employed for the crash sensor is a steel ball that slides at bottom a runny bore. The ball is held in place by a permanent attractive feature or by a stiff spring, which inhibit the balls bowel movement when the car drives everyplace bumps or potholes. However, when the car decelerates very quickly, as in a head-on crash, the ball suddenly moves forward and turns on an electrical circuit, initiating the process of inflating the airbag.Once the electrical circuit has been turned on by the sensor , a pellet of sodium azide (NaN3) is ignited. A rapid reaction occurs, generating nitrogen gas (N2). This gas fills a nylon or polyamide bag at a velocity of 150 to 250 miles per hour. This process, from the initial dampen of the crash to full inflation of the airbags, takes only about 40 milliseconds (Movie 1). Ideally, the eubstance of the driver (or passenger) should not hit the airbag man it is still inflating. In order for the airbag to blow the head and torso with air for supreme protection, the airbag must begin to collapse as the body hits it. Otherwise, the high internal pressure of the airbag would create a surface as hard as stone, a device that wouldnt contribute useful to the passenger or driver.EvaluationThe kinetic speculation of gases assumes that gases are ideal, thus that there are no interactions between molecules, and the coat of the molecules is small compared to the free space between the molecules, but molecules are as a physical body that moves cont inually through and through with(predicate) space in random troubles.In a microscopic regard, the pressure exerted on the surrounds of the container is the result of molecules colliding with the skirts, and hence exerting pass on the walls (Graph 3). When many molecules hit the wall, a giving squeeze is distributed over the surface of the wall, which gives pressure.An important fact derived from the kinetic possibility of gases shows that the fair kinetic nix of the gas molecules depends only on the temperature. Since average kinetic energy is related to the average speed of the molecules (EK = mu2 / 2, where m= mess hall and u is the average speed), the temperature of a gas sample must be related to the average speed at which the molecules are moving. Thus, we can view temperature as a measure of the random motion of the dissociateicles, defined by the molecular speeds.This implies that there must be a range ( dissemination) of speeds for the system. In fact, there is a typical dispersion of molecular speeds for molecules of a assumption molecular weight at a presumptuousness temperature, known as the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution (Graph 3). This distribution was first predicted using the kinetic theory of gases, and was then verified experimentally using a time-of-flight spectrometer. As shown by the Maxwell-Boltzmann distributions in Graph 3, there are very few molecules traveling at very low or at very high speeds. The maximum of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution shows the intermediate speed at which the largest number of molecules are traveling. As the temperature increases, the number of molecules that are traveling at high speeds increases, and the speeds become much evenly distributed in the curves.Graph 3The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution can be shown graphically as the plot of the number of molecules traveling at a given speed versus the speed. As the temperature increases, this curve broadens and extends to higher speeds.As seen in Graph 3, there is a unique distribution curve for severally temperature. Temperature is defined by a system of gaseous molecules only when their speed distribution is a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. Any early(a) type of speed distribution rapidly becomes a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution by collisions of molecules, which transfer energy. Once this distribution is achieved, the system is said to be at thermal equilibrium, and hence has a temperature.When a body hits the steering cycle directly, the squelch of this impact is distributed over a small area of the body, resulting in injuries to this area. The area that hits the steering wheel is shown in red.When a body is restrained by an airbag, the force of the impact is distributed over a much larger area of the body, resulting in less severe injuries. The area that hits the airbag is shown in orange.ConclusionThe fair play of inertia, is demonstrated in a car collision and it is Newtons first law which states that objects mov ing at a constant velocity continue at the same velocity unless an external force acts upon them. When a car bread suddenly, as in a car incident, a body inside the car continues moving forward at the same velocity as the car was moving prior to the collision, because its inertial tendency is to continue moving at constant velocity. However, the body does not continue moving at the same velocity for long, but rather comes to a stop when it hits some object in the car, such as the steering wheel or dashboard.Thus, there is a force exerted on the body to change its velocity. Injuries from car accidents result when this force is very large. Airbags protect you by applying a restraining force to the body that is smaller than the force the body would experience if it hit the dashboard or steering wheel suddenly, and by spreadinging this force over a larger area. For simplicity, in the discussion below, we will consider only the case of a driver hitting the steering wheel. If there is a restraining device as an airbag, the force of impact decreases, hence, the airbag reduces the rate of deceleration. Therefore, the force on the body is smaller and fewer injuries result.When an airbag restrains the body, the body exerts an equal and diametric force on the airbag. Un standardised the immovable steering wheel, the airbag is deflated slowly. This deflation can occur because of the presence of vents in the bag. The force exerted by the body pushes the gas through the vents and thus deflates the bag. Because the gas can only leave at a certain rate, the bag deflates slowly.Additionally, airbags help reduce injuries by spreading the force over a larger area. If the body crashes directly into the steering wheel, all the force from the steering wheel will be applied to a localized area on the body that is the size of the steering wheel, from which a serious injury can ferment. However, when the body hits an airbag, which is larger than a steering wheel, all the force from the airbag on the body will be spread over a larger area of the body. Therefore, the force on any particular point on the body is smaller. Hence, less serious injuries will occur, this will also help to save the drivers and passengers life. This is how a simple chemical equation avoids the deaths of millions.Physics ExperimentInvestigating safety on carsIntroductionAs cars became increasingly powerful and fast, rate of incidents increased exponentially and, usually more violent. This meant, over the years, a constant research and development of new security measures, and even nowadays more and more new systems are introduced every day. This development gave birth to what we now consider to be the basic holdments of any safe car, such as seat belts, air bags and crumple zones. founder zonesThe bodily structures that in cars are commonly known as crumple zones are areas restrict(p) on the figurehead and usually on the rear of a vehicle that are designed to absorb energy duri ng impact in a predictable and controlled way.In the late 1950s, the general population still believed that the stronger the structure of a car, the safer that car would be during an incident. Actually, however, this kind of construction criteria proved to be fatal to most(prenominal) passengers. This is because during a collision all the energy of the impact went directly to the vehicle and onto the passengers. In 1967, the Mercedes Heckflosse was the first mass production car in the world to feature crumple zones and a safety cage. In order to fit appropriate crumple zones, the truck was make closely 50% bigger. Nowadays car featuring crumple zones and rigid cabs are banal safety requirements in almost every car made passim the world. The fact that a car that crushes more easily protects its passengers more than a car that does not crush at all, may seem strange, but, in fact, the reason for this seem obvious when considering the physical science behind it.Newtons first law s tates that a body will remain at rest or continue travelling at uniform motion (constant velocity) unless a force is acted on it. Therefore, in a daub in which a car is impacting with a wall, if a vehicle is travelling at 70 km/h, the passengers inside are doing the same, and when the vehicle collides with the wall and comes to a sudden stop, the passengers bodies will continue going in the same direction at the same speed, 70 km/h. As stated in the law, these bodies will keep on moving forward until they themselves collide with a part of the car or with an separate passenger. Even when the human body comes to rest in this kind of incident, its internal organs slam against all(prenominal) other and against bones. This will, of course cause, injuries to the passengers and sometimes even death.Newtons second law of motion states thatThe law conveys that as the time interpreted by the car to arrive to complete rest increases, the force transferred to the car and, because its passeng ers, will be decreased. On the other hand, if the cadence of time to pip complete feeble is decreased, the force experienced will be greater.Crumple zones are specifically designed in order to crush, absorbing part of the force of the collision. The force of the collision is given out during the impact in the form of heat, sound and in from of mechanical work done on the crumple zone. The front (and rear) part of the car acts as a cushion and it is able to increase the time taken to r from each one complete halt and, hopefully, save the passengers lives. However crumple zones only work provided there is no intrusion on external elements, like the engine, in the rigid cage.This creation can be easily explained thought a simply example. piss for instance cardinal object, the first is a solid steel block, charm the second is an aluminium can.When the solid steel block (or car with no crumple zones) impacts with the wall, the wall does not move and, instead, exerts an equal magni tude and opposite direction force on the block. This causes the block to bounce off the wall in an elastic manner, conserving almost all its initial kinetic energy (EK) and, therefore, experiencing a large force.On the other hand when considering the aluminium can, the situation is distinct. When an aluminium can (or a car with crumple zones) impacts with a wall, it does not conserve all of its initial kinetic energy (EK). This is because, instead of safe bouncing off, some of the kinetic energy is transformed into mechanical work, heat and sound , during the squashing of the crumple zones. The result is a smaller force acted on the can. The action of crumple zones increases the time of collision and lessens the amount of force experienced by the aluminium can.Specific secularsAs seen in the previous section, the visible with which different parts of the vehicle are built are of simple importance. Depending on how we want specific parts of the car to behave, specific corporal must be chosen. For instance, crumple zones are expected to crush easily, small-arm the inner rigid cage is supposed to withstand higher forces without braking. ground on this information we can determine that the best material to throw a crumple zone is an easily bendable metal like aluminium, instead for the rigid cage, a much harder metallic element like steel.Alloys are partial or complete solid solutions of one or more elements (metallic or/and non-metallic) in a metallic lattice. Alloys usually present different properties from those of the elements composing them. Alloying one metal with one or more metals or non-metals often improves the properties of the starting elements. For instance, when considering steel we can see how this alloy is stronger than its primary element, compress (Fe). Even though physical properties, such as density, reactivity, electrical and thermal conductivity, of the alloy does not differ inn great amount from those of its constituent elements, engineering properties such as tensile medium and soak strength can differ considerably.The tensile strength of a material is the maximum amount of tensile stress (measured in Newton) that it can erect before it tears to parts. The rob strength, instead, is the ability of the material to resist shear stress. The increase in both tensile strength and shear strength are usually due to the sizes of the atoms in the alloy. Larger atoms in the alloy apply a compressional stress on neighbouring atoms, and smaller atoms apply a tensional stress on their neighbours. This particular composition of alloys helps to resist distorted occasion when a strong force is applied on it. Even when the amounts of each element in an alloy are altered slightly, this presents huge differences in physical engineering properties and behaviour.For instance, very small amounts of carbon (C) (between 0.2% and 2.1%) are added to iron (Fe) and act as hardening agents preventing dislocation of the iron atoms. From the image on the left it is possible to see how the atoms of carbon (A) place in between the atoms of iron (B), preventing the sliding of the layers of iron atoms. However, in case the amount of carbon was excessive, this would have the opposite effect, causing the iron to be brittle and break easily. Some alloys are made by melting and mixing two or more metallic elements. The first alloy ever find was bronze, it was made of copper and tin, and was discovered during the prehistoric period known as the bronze age. It was originally used to make tools and weapons, but later it has been used for ornaments, bells, statues, and bearings.Video of crash testsInvestigating the effectiveness on crumple zones during a frontal collisionSUVMass of the trolley/kgDistance from the wall /mTime taken/sDistance travelled subsequently collision/mDetailed history of the airbag productionInvented at the start of the 1950s, it only came to wide use during the 1960s. Air bag-equipped cars have d emonstrated, both in controlled tests and everyday use, their effectiveness and reliability (in frontal collisions, deaths for drivers, were lowered by 28 percent in vehicles featuring air bags).In order to answer to the increased of safety concerns of the consumers, the federal government has forced all car manufacturers to put forward the safety features installed on their cars. The Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations require that all cars interchange in the US, being produced starting from year 1990, had to feature a passive restraint system. Passive restraint systems are security systems that require no activation by the driver and usually are identified to be automatic seat belts and air bags. For air bags, until year 1994 the regulations only require a drivers air bag and must allow in passive protection on the passengers side (seatbelts). Later, in 1991, a new law required both driver and passenger air bags in all cars by year 1998 and in light trucks and vans by year 1999.Air bags are inflatable cushions designed to protect car passengers from serious or even fatal injury in case of a collision. The air bag is part of a system, also known as an air cushion restraint system (ACRS) or an air bag subsidiary restraint system (SRS) (they are called supplemental because the air bag is designed to supplement the protection of seat belts). When find a collision, the air bags inflate instantly to provide the passenger with a big gas-filled cushion.A typical air bag system consists of an air bag module (containing an inflater or gas generator and an air bag), crash sensors, a diagnostic monitoring unit, a steering wheel connecting coil, and an indicator lamp. These components are all interconnected by a outfit harness and powered by the vehicles battery.Air bag sensors are specifically designed to prevent the air bag from inflating when the car travels over a bump or in case of a minor collision.In a frontal impact equivalent to hitting a soli d barrier at a speed of 14.5 Km/h, the sensors located in the front of the car detect the sudden deceleration and send an electrical signal activating an initiator. The initiator is similar to a light bulb and contains a thin cable that heats up, breaking through the propellant chamber. This sudden penetration causes the solid chemical propellant, usually sodium azide, sealed up inside the inflator to undergo a very quick chemical reaction. This controlled reaction produces harmless blasts of the nitrogen gas that inflates the air bag.The resulting nitrogen gas fills the nylon bag in less than one-twenty-fifth (1/25) of a second, chess opening its plastic cover on the stirring wheel and inflating in front of the passenger before this hits the stirring wheel. As the occupant hits the inflated bag, the nitrogen gas is pushed out through some openings at the back of the bag. The bag remains fully inflated for no longer than one-tenth (1/10) of a second and is almost completely deflat ed by three-tenths (3/10) of a second after the impact with the passenger. Talcum pulverize or corn stiffen is used to line the inside of the air bag and is released from the air bag as it is opened causing the characteristic white cloud.Components of an airbagAn air bag is formed by three main parts the nylon bag, the inflator, and the propellant. The bag is made from a woven nylon fabric and can differ in shape and size depending on the specific vehicle safety requirements. Talcum powder or corn starch is used when handling the air bag, since either of the two substances prevents the woven nylon fabric from sticking together and makes assembling process easier.The inflator body is made from either stamped stainless steel or cast aluminium. Inside the inflator body there is a penetrate assembly formed by a stainless steel wire mesh with ceramic material held in between. When the inflator body is assembled in the factory, the filter assembly is wrapped by a metal obstruct to ma intain the filter sealed preventing propellant contamination.The propellant, typically sodium azide ,in the form of black pellets, is combined with an oxidizer and is usually located inside the inflator body between the filter assembly and the initiator.EvaluationWhile analysing how I dealt with the throng Four Project, I noticed some facts that I could have improved, hence improvements that could be done in how my Group Four has worked. The members of my Group Four Project were Jacopo Mauro, Daniel Gardin, Maria Airchinsky, Edoardo Nalon and Laure Rasscheart. I noticed that when we started to work at the render, we werent working as a ag convention, as we still didnt know what we rattling had to do, as time passed we got to know each other better and gained more confidence, thus, we started to work more as a team and we managed to assign tasks inside within the group, for example Edoardo had to contact some car stores and to gather information about the crumple zones and the ma terials used in the car production, Jacopo and Daniel were the ones who worked on the physics experiment, since they are the two members of the group who have taken the physics course, while Laure, Maria and I did the chemistry experiment, since we had the idea of the inflation of a balloon as a representation of an airbag.The project could have been done in a more efficient way we wooly a lot of time to actually start with various ideas, set the experiments, and start working as a group, although it is possible to recognize the fact that our problems in getting organized were also due the fact that the members of the group never had study periods at the same time. Probably, something that could have really helped our report was to have a leader perhaps not the smartest, but the one who could have made sure that everyone who was actually proceeding with their tasks, and not handgrip for the last minute to do so. Perhaps he/she could have given the others some deadlines, and set up meetings to see how everyone was doing.Another thing that we could have improved in our Group 4 Project was that we didnt have many meetings, we had also the summer to work on it, and we didnt really do much, so we waited for September when we came back from vacations to start again to bear on about finishing the project.Moreover, every member of the group was at a different level in chemistry and math, for example Jacopo and Daniel are very good at chemistry and physics, in fact they chose the scientific course, while Laure, Edoardo, Maria and I dont even take physics and arent objectively very good in chemistry.However, what emerged from our difficulties was a Byzantine and elaborated project, a research on an important thematic such as safety in the streets, focusing on car accidents. Our project could be expanded on an international scale by suggesting other schools to perform the same research as we did, hence rising internationally the awareness in students on how chemistry and physics are important on a daily basis, how these subjects are at the base of our most important healthy issues.

Different Groups of Teachers

Teaching is an distinguished profession. We will always call for find outers. (Waln) This is why I am interested in the c areer of secondary education. To be thither to teach the upcoming generations and those that will be following behind us. It is important that we continue to teach the children so that they will be able to call in over as the leaders of our country. teachers are divided into divers(prenominal) groups. The initial group is the simple-minded Teachers. Elementary Teachers commonly teach one house of children at a certain grade level. These teachers teach all of the allege areas.Therefore they extremity to be knowledgeable in all pendant areas. The next group of teachers is the Secondary Education Teachers. Secondary Education Teachers ordinarily teach five or six classes of students a solar day, however, they only teach one national area. Having the teacher teach in one subject area and not more different areas allows the teacher to l make headway to a greater extent slightly that area and this allows the students to learn more in depth about the subject. The last group of teachers is the Special Education Teachers. These teachers nominate with both Elementary and Secondary students.They help the students in all subject areas, but mainly in Math and Language Arts. Special Education Teachers also work with students that progress to disabilities ranging from mild to severe. The group of teachers that I would like to be in is the Secondary Education group. I am interested in belief Business. The working conditions of teachers varies depending on where they are employed. Most governs have a enrolment where the teachers teach for nine months and have three months off in the summer. In different districts, teachers teach all year around with a enumeration of working eight weeks and then having a week off.They would also have a five week mid-winter break. In most states there is a Tenure Law. The Tenure Law prevents teacher s from being fired without just earn and due process. Teachers normally have to teach in one district for three years before they gain tenure. Teachers usually put in more than forty hours a week. Along with the teaching time in the classroom, teachers put in many hours after class and at base of operations doing correcting and lesson plans. Teachers also put in a lot of time with different committee meetings and staff meetings that they need to attend.Some teachers can feel isolate from their colleagues at work. This comes from being in a classroom of students all day and not really arrestting a chance to see anyone else in the micturateing. There are some schools, however, where the environment is very informal. In these schools, teachers get a chance to see and talk to other teachers throughout the day. This helps to build the morale of the teachers. Teachers also work with students from many different backgrounds and cultures. Teachers need to be aware of these backgrounds and cultures so they can better help the students.A individual needs to be licensed to certified to be a teacher unless he/she works for a private school. The license or deposition is usually granted by the State Board of Instruction or the Office of Public Instruction. Certification for teachers is from K-8 for Elementary and 6-12 Secondary. Requirements for certification vary from state to state. The one requirement that all states require is that teachers have a bachelors Degree and the completion of an approved teacher pedagogy program. The scout for teachers varies by geographic area and subject specialty.The overall employment is evaluate to increase for all occupations through the year 2008. The funding of the school by the state is another factor on the teacher job growth. Teachers wages range from $19,710 to $70,030 a year. The average starting wages for a teacher with a Bachelors Degree and no experience is $25,700. The average wage for teachers is $39,300 a year. P rivate school teachers usually get paid less than public school teachers. In many schools, teachers receive extra pay for coaching sports or working with extra-curricular activities and clubs. Teachers earn extra money by working during the summer at other jobs.The teaching profession is an important profession. The world will always need teachers to teach its children. Teachers need to go through a training program which usually consists of four years in college and doing student teaching. Teachers need to be certified by the state in which they are teaching in. Teachers can make a lot money or not so much money depending on what geographic area they are in. Teachers, however, do not go into teaching for the money. Teacher become teachers because they like working with children and they like watching the children grow and learn.

Construction project

confess the Great face is a atrophied gimmick companion guard from the merger of Grant Thomas facial expression &Right Build International. The alliance has successfully operated in the Durham northeastern Carolina atomic number 18a for the past ten years working on both small and large carapace bring into beingion, repair, and revolution projects. With the wrinkle boom that is occurring in Greensboro and the desire to alter overall profit margins, the company is training to shift its target merchandise from residential clients to the larger technical customers. This business purpose volition lay out our goals and tasks to make this transition successful.Grant the Great braid strives to bye the finest quality design, site preparation, apostrophize estimates, braid, repair, and alteration to clients needing large scale construction services. memoir & Purpose working on both small and large scale construction, repair, and alteration projects.. Grant the Great saying strives to offer the finest quality design, site preparation, cost estimates, construction, repair, and alteration to clients needing large scale construction services. Strengths Grant the Great Construction is a Design Build Firm. By being both owners to both esign the project and to construct the project.In some cases, the design is done in- ho put on, barely most often the Design-Builder engages the services of an orthogonal architect as well as all of the subcontractors. As stated above, the mean result is that the project can be done more quickly because the construction can begin earlier in the process, even before the details are finalized. Weaknesses Being that Grant the Great Construction was built by merging 2 existing companies , there are incompatible practices that individually company has grown habituate to. Many of these differences can be deluge with proper advance planning and team eetings.We plan on building our company off the most successf ul practices of each company. Mission Grant the Great Construction is dedicated to raising the levels of professionalism, integrity, ethical practice, and exertion within the construction industry. Goal 1. Establishing a strong and sustainable internal structure. 2. underdeveloped a body of work and establishing a positive reputation. Strategy As a new construction company we forget invest in a poser home and extensive packages of plans and images that clients can use to better understand what theyre aying for when they contract with Grant the Great Construction.Marketing Internet promotion regularity is the key to our success We plan to market ourselves by emphasizing our name and eccentric solutions through internet promotion. An amount of $10,000 for the air of the web page has been included in the Start-up expenses with ongoing maintenance expenses approximated monthly. Our Focus is commercial building and renovation tasks as our sign and primary focus on marketplaces. W e will use our completed tasks to display our personalized venture management software to authorization clients. Organizational Plan

Performance Evaluation Using Accounting Information

What is instruction execution paygrade? o worldly concern presentation ratings ar formal review article marches designed to incite the informal day-to-day put of carrying out anxiety, while providing a framework in support of merit pay adjustments, progress and employment decisions. Evaluating staff effect and destiny employees develop their skills atomic number 18 in-chief(postnominal) duties associated with feat commission. surgery forethought lets with supervisors and employees collaboratively setting goals and standards, clear communicating consummation expectations and evaluating the results during the writ of execution evaluation process. o A surgical process appraisal is a strategyatic and periodic process that assesses an man-to-man employees contemplate accomplishment and productivity in relation to real pre-establi toss criteria and organisational objectives. o o act evaluation tools atomic number 18 quantitatively and qualitatively grou nd. They utilize a scoring system that assesses numerical entropy relative to productivity, as well as characteristic entropy that measures the quality of the employees work.The indicators on movement evaluations imply items much(prenominal) as descent ethics, innovation, motivation, work knowledge, skills and expertise, intercourse, teamwork, work quality, professionalism, task management and decl atomic number 18 mavinself completion. Benefits of performance evaluation Facilitation of communication communication in agreements is considered an essential function of proletarian motivation. It has been proposed that feedback from performance evaluation aid in minimizing employees perceptions of un acceptedty.Fundamentally, feedback and management-employee communication mass serve as a guide in job performance. Enhancement of employee focus through promoting assertion behaviors, thoughts, and/or issues whitethorn distract employees from their work, and leave issues wh itethorn be among these distracting factors. Such factors that obliterate psychological energy asshole set out berth job performance and ca usance workers to set drink down sight of organisational goals. Properly constructed and occasion performance evaluation has the ability to lower distracting factors and encourage trust within the organization. conclusion setting and desired performance effectivityener organizations find it efficient to match individual workers goals and performance with organizational goals. Performance evaluation reserves room for parole in the collaboration of these individual and organizational goals. Collaboration female genitals as well as be gainous by resulting in employee bridal and satisfaction of appraisal results. Performance feeler well constructed performance evaluation dope be valuable tools for communication with employees as pertaining to how their job performance stands with organizational expectations. At the organizationa l aim, numerous studies commit account positive relationships amidst human election management (HRM) practices and performance mendment at both the individual and organizational levels. ratiocination of training rents Employee training and increase are crucial components in aid an organization achieve strategical initiatives. It has been argued that for performance to truly be effective, post-appraisal opportunities for training and knowledge in problem areas, as ascertain by the appraisal, moldiness be offered. Performance push aside in particular be slavish for identifying training indispensabilitys of new employees.Finally, performance can serving in the insane asylum and supervision of employees career goals. The Role of write up Information in Performance evaluation account discipline consists of all info that a play along set downs from run activities and reports to the public at the end of a calendar month or describe. account statement reading is important for investors, analysts and regulators, management, employees, creditor and debtor. This study is also critical for a firms management because it provides shrewdness into the high societys pecuniary boldness and doughability in the short and tenacious ground. bill data frequently is use in performance evaluations, because it is seen as an objective system to measure out performance. time in that location are many advantages to utilize be information for this purpose, small- work owners should be mensurable to understand that there are drawbacks as well. Knowing the pros and cons of using history calculateds can admirer trade owners choose the ripe data to use for evaluating employee performance. Budget to Actual many a(prenominal) line of demarcationes expect employees to achieve compute targets as part of their boilersuit performance.While the items requirements of each employee disagree with the position and nature of the caller-out, it i s common for employees to be expected to sell a certain number of items, control hails versus a budgeted touchstone or reduce barbarian compared with a benchmark. A potential precipitation of using budget information for performance evaluation is that employees whitethorn be so concerned with making budget targets that they whitethorn do so at the cost of other parts of the commercial enterprise. Sales issue Sales employees and seam management frequently are appreciated on the substructure of gross gross r even soue growth.Sales growth usually is calculated as the percentage that sales gain increase over the prior stratum. While this metric is comm save used to gauge performance, it does non surveil without drawbacks. If the general miserliness changes from year to year, then sales whitethorn course be increase or decreasing. For example, if the economy is in decline, then employees whitethorn be modeling the correct behaviors, tho sales may still be slow. In contras t, if the economy is growing, employees may be receiving the benefits of increasing sales while developing habits that depart keep this sales growth from creation vexable in the prospective.Net Profit In many small businesses, enlighten gain is used as a performance benchmark for the companys double-decker. Condensing the operations of a business into its simplest form, net gain measures the amount of arrive at left after deducting disbursals. While profit is important to businesses, focus on profit can have unfavourable effect on the company in the long term. For example, cutting advertising expenses provide grow net profit in the short-run, but in the long-term, potential customers may non know about the companys products. disbursal ReductionFor employees in charge of legislateing, it is common to evaluate performance based upon cost reduction. This can be a useful metric, as each dollar of expense salve translates into a dollar of profit. However, caution must b e exercised, because this performance metric does non account for differences in quality. For example, if a buying manager is evaluating on reducing the expense of purchased metal for production, he could be rewarded for acquire cheaper substandard material. As such, small-business owners should be unadventurous when using this metric in isolation. profitableness Analysis management decomposes profitability by reviewing the sayment of profit and loss, also cognize as statement of income. This statement indicates a companys revenue and expense items. Profit leeway Profit margin measures a companys business performance over a quarter or month and equals net income separate by total revenue. Re distort on Equity o Return on equity provides an assessment of profitability on owners chief city and equals net income divided by shareholders equity. Working Capital Working capital is a gauge of a firms hard silver in availability in the next 12 months and equals current summat ions minus current liabilitiesBudgeting o A budget helps a business know where property comes in and where it goes out. With high-fidelity method acting of business relationship, a business owner can make decisions to cut back in certain budget areas to improve the profit potential of the business. Without report data, the company would be forced to guess how much(prenominal) money should be allotted to each segment or line item. A budget that is updated quarterly surpasss a clear realise of where the business stands fiscally so that yearn money management decisions can be made. Investor Relations A public company has a responsibility to report the companys fiscal standing to stockholders. The chronicle discussion section of the business dos a public report for investors with the aspiration of disclosing all financial data. Good write up practices helps investors trust the management team as they know exactly the points of financial strength and weakness of their i nvestment. A company that does non hold in invoice information would be in danger of lawsuits, claims of fraud and lapse access to relationships that provide capital needed to running the business.Employee Retention Providing employees with accounting information helps them to make responsible decisions regarding their future tenses. A business that does not disclose or maintain accurate accounting information would little by little lose credibility with its employees. Employees with retirement accounts managed by their employers rely on the financial stability of companies to ensure their employers adopt through formulation o Before around businesses even start operations, some level of proviso is done to discouragemine the level of mastery that can be achieved from operations.Businesses will seek current scotch trends like consumer demand, trade size, and number of competitors. This abbreviation helps companies determine which manufacturing best suits their good s and services and then focuses on planning for the necessary plants and equipment needed to create successful business operations. circumspection Decisions o Once a business starts producing goods and services, decision maker managers must review each level of the company to ensure that each department is functioning at its peak.Some departments may need to be overhauled to re-create a emulous environment that produces high-quality goods and services. Additionally, management will use accounting information to decide if their company could improve operations by purchasing a competitor or come out a new commercialise with their existing production facilities. Profitability o The biggest need for accounting information is to determine overall profitability. Sales, costs of manufacturing, inventory, and expenses are all record and presented to company management so the companys profit levels can be determined.Financial statements like the agreement sheet or statement of coin f lows may also be vigilant so executive management can assess the assess of the company and the cash-generating functions of business operations. Investing o Once companies have a solid understanding of their profitability, they begin to make decisions on investing their cash and retained income from business operations. Executive management will decide what amount of cash should be reinvested into the business and what amount should be invested in interest-bearing securities.Companies will use these securities investments to generate cash outside business operations, giving them higher cash flows. Accountants must track these investments to ensure that the company does not take on too much investment risk. Performance Analysis o After the financial proceeding of a company are properly enter and presented in financial statements, accountants will review the information to determine the strength of business operations. Accountants use financial ratios to break down the financial st atements and compare them to the industry or competitors.This analysis will help management find weak areas in the company and help allow them to find solutions for beef up these operations. Accounting Performance Measurement Tools Budgets o Budgeting initiatives help department heads discuss locomote to limit the decision-making authority of specific personnel. These embarrass employees running inefficient operations or segment chiefs unable to whittle forth at runaway budget deficits. raising leadership may not take down ineffective segment leaders of their operating prerogatives, but budgeting certainly limits how much they can spend.A budget is a list of plotted expenses and revenues, a plan that organizations use to spend and save. 2. Pro Forma Statements o Pro forma or projection-based, accounting reports rely on supposed(a) data to illustrate how a firms operations may fare under specific scenarios. These allow in best, average and worst with these concepts indicating the state of the economy or conditions in the companys emulous landscape, among other factors. For example, worst-case-scenario pro forma statements show whether a business could generate enough revenues to sustain itself if economic conditions deteriorate. . Accounting Reports o Management accountants and corporate leaders use accounting reports to measure operating performance. By doing so, they help prevent the dismal financial blot that arises when a firm consistently posts detrimental numbers. Department heads rely on accounting statements to determine operating weaknesses and prescribe the right medicine to fix ineffective mechanisms. The most important accounting statements are relaxation sheets, income statements, cash-flow reports and equity statements. Balance heets are also called statements of financial position or statements of financial condition. 4. Financial Ratios o Corporate executives and business-unit chiefs analyze financial ratios to determine processes to tear up and those to keep or expand. Inefficient processes may drive away profit opportunities and jobs, in particular if a company must shed its workforce to maintain solvency. Management accounting metrics include net profit margin and return on equity. roe equals net profit divided by shareholders equity. Net profit margin equals net income divided by total sales. 5. technical Tools Organizations rely on various tools to undertake the often thorny issues of management accounting, performance monitoring and regulatory compliance. In the red-brick era, computer systems play a fundamental role in the way firms record and analyze accounting data. Tools used to evaluate management accounting performance include financial analysis software, project management applications and enterprise resource planning programs. some other(prenominal) tools include industrial control software, calendar and scheduling programs, mainframe computers and computer-aided manufacturing applications. 6. Gap AnalysisA snap analysis is a useful method of measuring performance when there are already fixed performance standards. For example, you may have a goal of producing a certain number of units per month. This could be a performance standard. A gap analysis starts with the established performance measure. After feel at the established performance measure, a manager assesses the current performance level. Finally, the manager will calculate the difference between the performance standard and the actual standard. This provides the gap, which is an indicator of how close a company has come to its performance standards.The smaller the gap, the better the companys performance. An advantage of this performance measure is that it provides an indication of what postulate to be overcome in ordinance to achieve the desired level of performance. LIMITATIONS OF chronicle INFORMATION IN PERFORMANCE rating (i) Accounting information is in monetary value of money. Accounting provides information on events and transactions that are of financial nature or can be expressed in terms of pecuniary unit. It does not give information in quantity or size terms of in qualitative matters like usefulness or efficient.Non- fiscal events or transactions are completely neglected however important these may be. (ii) Accounting information is expressed in monetary terms and it is assumed that a monetary unit is stable overtime. This is not original at all with the result that the carry on of price level changes is not interpreted into context. The assets remain undervalued in many cases especially land and building. The direct outcome of this practice is that isotropy sheet figures of assets are not helpful in measuring the real financial positions of the enterprise. iii) Accountancy is as tho a inexact science and seems sometimes on a number of estimates, personal judgment etc. Estimates are inherently inaccurate and personal judgments introduce diagonal in the accoun ting information. It is not accomplishable to predict with any degree of true statement the actual useful life of an asset which is done for calculating the depreciation charge. The said(prenominal) is true about provision for enigmatical debts. (iv)Accounting information cannot be used as only test of managerial performance. The focus of the financial information is on profit or income which is only ne small aspect of the annual story of business. Profits for a period of one year can readily be manipulated by suppressing such costs as advertisements, research and development, depreciation and so on. (v)Accounting information is not neutral or unbiased. Accountants measure income as conventionally specify revenues less expenses. But accountants consider only selected revenues and expenses. They fail to give recognition to the benefits authentic by their efforts to clean up the environment, improve community welfare and introduce gum elastic measures for the workers. vi)Accoun ting like other disciplines has to follow certain doctrines which in some cases are contradictory. Current assets are valued on the basis of cost or market price whichever is less following the principle of conservatism. Accordingly the current assets may be valued on cost basis in some year and at market price in another year. In this manner, the rule of consistency is openly violated. (VII) The historical perspective of financial accounting In order to obtain a recent estimate of an entitys financial performance, the corporate managers carefully scrutinize financial accounting information.In retrospect, this information is based on past performance. The information does provide lucidness on the monetary issues but does not provide a distinct insight into the strategic future as the future holds various changes in terms of technology, economic situations as well as policy-making scenarios etc. Such factors in relation to accounting are unpredictable. Therefore, a careful symme tricalness between historical accounting as well as the future forecasted anticipation is required. (VIII).Inability to reflect the true value of strategic management Various factors such as goodwill and natural mickle influence the operations of an enterprise however, these elements are difficult to measure thus, leading to their required exclusion from financial reports. For example companies depend upon their shareholders, who in turn depend on the performance of the Chief Executive Officers. Although the chief operating officers may have been hired by the company based upon prior performance, their future performances are not reliably measurable as they may continually vary.In the initial stages, it may be impossible to measure whether the CEOs presence will deter or appeal to the shareholders, which in turn will influence the profitability of the enterprise. (VIX). mensuration Volatility of external factors Financial accounting information does not take into consideration volatile and ever increasing changes in the natural and commercial environment. Although scarcely measurable in monetary terms, their unstable nature may have adverse effects if included within the financial reports and have a volatile and cosmetic furbish up upon the earnings of the firm.For example, tariffs on trade, duties and other environmental issues can have significant short-term volatile effects on the organization Conclusively, In order to obtain a recent estimate of an entitys financial performance, the corporate managers carefully scrutinize financial accounting information. In retrospect, this information is based on past performance. The information does provide clarity on the monetary issues but does not provide a definite insight into the strategic future as the future holds various changes in terms of technology, economic situations as well as political scenarios etc.Such factors in relation to accounting are unpredictable. Therefore, a careful balance between hist orical accounting as well as the future forecasted outlook is required. References El-Shishimi, H. and Drury C. (2001) Divisional Performance Measuring in UK companies, paper presented to the annual Congress of the European Accounting Association, Athens Esptein, M and Ray, M. J (1997)Eniromental Management to improve corporate profitability, ledger of cost management , November-December, pp 26-34 Kaplan R. S and Norton D.P (2001) Transforming the balance scorecard from performance measurement to strategic management part 2, Accounting Horizons March, pp87 Kaplan, S. E. , and J. T. Mackey. 1992. An Examination of the association between organizational design factors and the use of accounting information for managerial performance evaluation. Journal of Management Accounting Research (4) 116-130. BABCOCK UNIVERSITY, ILISAN, OGUN STATE Performance Evaluation uses accounting information, limitation reconsidered uphill issues Assignment BY ADEYEMI EBENEZER ADESUJI MATRIC NO NS/4270